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Electronic Design - Voltage Regulator Models

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PART I – Linear Series Regulator Simulation Schematic   Observation DC Sweep: Calculation Let us calculate the Output voltage theoretically. Therefore,           V (Zener) = 4.7 V; (Taken from the Datasheet) and R 2 = R 3 = 1kΩ; Operation of the circuit                                        Circuit shown in the figure which we built is an ‘Op-Amp Shunt Regulator’. Same like in Series Regulator, the Op-Amp is connected here as a Comparator which compares the samples output and the reference Voltage taken from the Zener Diode. In contrast, the Control element ‘the transistor’ is connected in parallel here. So in here as the Output voltage increases, the comparator detects it via the feedback loop by comparing it to the reference voltage. As t...
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Earth Resistance using Fall-of-Potential Method

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Introduction   What is Earth Resistivity                                    Earth resistivity is a measure to indicate how much the soil resists to conduct electrical current. It is measured in Ω cm (Ohm Centimeters). Measurement of earth resistivity are useful for finding the best location to pile earth electrodes. Resistivity of the earth depend on its temperature, soil type, seasonal variations, Moisture and dissolved salt levels. When the temperature increases decrease the resistivity of water.                                               So, in this experiment we had to measure the eart...
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